Urinary catheters are flexible tubes designed to empty the bladder when a person cannot do so naturally. They are widely used in hospitals and care settings, although some people require them for longer-term management at home. In all cases, they must be fitted and maintained correctly to avoid complications.

Types of urinary catheter

There are two main categories: intermittent catheters and indwelling catheters. Intermittent catheters are inserted temporarily to drain the bladder before being removed, while indwelling catheters remain in place for days or weeks. These are usually secured by a small balloon within the bladder. In some situations, a suprapubic catheter may be used, entering through an opening in the lower abdomen.

When catheters are used

Catheters may be recommended for people with urinary retention caused by obstruction, nerve damage, or muscle weakness. They are also used during or after surgery, following childbirth with an epidural, or to deliver medication directly into the bladder. In some cases of incontinence where other treatments have failed, a catheter may be the most practical option.

Living with a catheter

Those with long-term catheters are given guidance on reducing infection risk and maintaining equipment. While insertion can be uncomfortable, many people adapt and continue with normal activities, including work and exercise.

Awareness of signs of urinary tract infection is essential. Healthcare professionals providing this care often undertake clinical training courses, such as those available from specialist providers like tidaltraining.co.uk/clinical-training-courses.

When managed properly, catheters provide safe and effective bladder control for people who need them, supporting both comfort and quality of life.