Which European countries have Golden Visa schemes?

The Golden Visa programme is an initiative offered by several European countries that grants residency by investment.

Golden Visa rules change frequently, and several schemes have been closed or changed since this article was first written. Always check the latest official government guidance before making any decisions.

Which European Countries Offer a Golden Visa?

Europe has become a hotspot for Golden Visa schemes due to its economic stability, relaxed lifestyle and diverse business opportunities. Several European nations have introduced these programmes to attract foreign investment.

A European Golden Visa is a residence-by-investment scheme, which means that in return for a substantial investment in a participating country, non-EU citizens can gain residency in that country. Each country sets its own requirements, and the main schemes are summarised below.

Spain

Spain’s Golden Visa programme used to require an investment in real estate starting from €500,000. However, Spain closed its Golden Visa scheme in April 2025.

Portugal

Portugal had one of the lowest investment options, which started at €350,000. In October 2023, Portugal removed real estate investment as a route to its Golden Visa, although some other investment routes remain.

Greece

Greece raised its thresholds in 2024. Property investments in the Attica region (including Athens), Thessaloniki, Mykonos, Santorini and the larger islands now start at €800,000, with lower thresholds in other areas. A Golden Visa does not automatically lead to citizenship. If you are thinking of applying for the Golden Visa Greece provides, you should seek professional guidance.

Italy

Italy’s rules differ greatly from those of other countries. Instead of investing in property, investors can put €2 million into government bonds. Alternatives include investing €250,000 in innovative start-ups, making a philanthropic donation of €1 million or investing €500,000 in Italian companies.

Cyprus

Applicants for Cyprus’s permanent residence programme must make an investment of at least €300,000, usually in property.

Malta

Malta offers a permanent residence programme for investors. Its citizenship-by-investment scheme was ruled unlawful by the Court of Justice of the European Union in April 2025. It’s advisable to seek professional guidance, as applications can be complex.